    {-# LANGUAGE Unsafe #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE CPP, NoImplicitPrelude, MagicHash, RoleAnnotations #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE UnboxedTuples #-}
    {-# OPTIONS_HADDOCK not-home #-}

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- |
    -- Module      :  GHC.Ptr
    -- Copyright   :  (c) The FFI Task Force, 2000-2002
    -- License     :  see libraries/base/LICENSE
    --
    -- Maintainer  :  ffi@haskell.org
    -- Stability   :  internal
    -- Portability :  non-portable (GHC Extensions)
    --
    -- The 'Ptr' and 'FunPtr' types and operations.
    --
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    module GHC.Ptr (
            Ptr(..), FunPtr(..),
            nullPtr, castPtr, plusPtr, alignPtr, minusPtr,
            nullFunPtr, castFunPtr,

            -- * Unsafe functions
            castFunPtrToPtr, castPtrToFunPtr,

        ) where

    import GHC.Base
    import GHC.Show
    import GHC.Num
    import GHC.List ( length, replicate )
    import Numeric          ( showHex )

    #include "MachDeps.h"

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Data pointers.

    -- The role of Ptr's parameter is phantom, as there is no relation between
    -- the Haskell representation and whatever the user puts at the end of the
    -- pointer. And phantom is useful to implement castPtr (see #9163)

    -- redundant role annotation checks that this doesn't change
    type role Ptr phantom
    data Ptr a = Ptr Addr#
      deriving ( Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool) -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool) -> Eq (Ptr a)
    forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    forall a. (a -> a -> Bool) -> (a -> a -> Bool) -> Eq a
    $c== :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    == :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    $c/= :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    /= :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    Eq  -- ^ @since 2.01
               , Eq (Ptr a)
    Eq (Ptr a) =>
    (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ordering)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a)
    -> (Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a)
    -> Ord (Ptr a)
    Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ordering
    Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    forall a. Eq (Ptr a)
    forall a.
    Eq a =>
    (a -> a -> Ordering)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> a)
    -> (a -> a -> a)
    -> Ord a
    forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ordering
    forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    $ccompare :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ordering
    compare :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ordering
    $c< :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    < :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    $c<= :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    <= :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    $c> :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    > :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    $c>= :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    >= :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Bool
    $cmax :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    max :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    $cmin :: forall a. Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    min :: Ptr a -> Ptr a -> Ptr a
    Ord -- ^ @since 2.01
               )
    -- ^ A value of type @'Ptr' a@ represents a pointer to an object, or an
    -- array of objects, which may be marshalled to or from Haskell values
    -- of type @a@.
    --
    -- The type @a@ will often be an instance of class
    -- 'Foreign.Storable.Storable' which provides the marshalling operations.
    -- However this is not essential, and you can provide your own operations
    -- to access the pointer.  For example you might write small foreign
    -- functions to get or set the fields of a C @struct@.

    -- |The constant 'nullPtr' contains a distinguished value of 'Ptr'
    -- that is not associated with a valid memory location.
    nullPtr :: Ptr a
    nullPtr :: forall a. Ptr a
    nullPtr = Addr# -> Ptr a
    forall a. Addr# -> Ptr a
    Ptr Addr#
    nullAddr#

    -- |The 'castPtr' function casts a pointer from one type to another.
    castPtr :: Ptr a -> Ptr b
    castPtr :: forall a b. Ptr a -> Ptr b
    castPtr = Ptr a -> Ptr b
    forall a b. Coercible a b => a -> b
    coerce

    -- |Advances the given address by the given offset in bytes.
    plusPtr :: Ptr a -> Int -> Ptr b
    plusPtr :: forall a b. Ptr a -> Int -> Ptr b
    plusPtr (Ptr Addr#
    addr) (I# Int#
    d) = Addr# -> Ptr b
    forall a. Addr# -> Ptr a
    Ptr (Addr# -> Int# -> Addr#
    plusAddr# Addr#
    addr Int#
    d)

    -- |Given an arbitrary address and an alignment constraint,
    -- 'alignPtr' yields the next higher address that fulfills the
    -- alignment constraint.  An alignment constraint @x@ is fulfilled by
    -- any address divisible by @x@.  This operation is idempotent.
    alignPtr :: Ptr a -> Int -> Ptr a
    alignPtr :: forall a. Ptr a -> Int -> Ptr a
    alignPtr addr :: Ptr a
    addr@(Ptr Addr#
    a) (I# Int#
    i)
      = case Addr# -> Int# -> Int#
    remAddr# Addr#
    a Int#
    i of {
          Int#
    0# -> Ptr a
    addr;
          Int#
    n -> Addr# -> Ptr a
    forall a. Addr# -> Ptr a
    Ptr (Addr# -> Int# -> Addr#
    plusAddr# Addr#
    a (Int#
    i Int# -> Int# -> Int#
    -# Int#
    n)) }

    -- |Computes the offset required to get from the second to the first
    -- argument.  We have
    --
    -- > p2 == p1 `plusPtr` (p2 `minusPtr` p1)
    minusPtr :: Ptr a -> Ptr b -> Int
    minusPtr :: forall a b. Ptr a -> Ptr b -> Int
    minusPtr (Ptr Addr#
    a1) (Ptr Addr#
    a2) = Int# -> Int
    I# (Addr# -> Addr# -> Int#
    minusAddr# Addr#
    a1 Addr#
    a2)

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Function pointers for the default calling convention.

    -- 'FunPtr' has a phantom role for similar reasons to 'Ptr'.
    type role FunPtr phantom
    data FunPtr a = FunPtr Addr# deriving (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool) -> Eq (FunPtr a)
    forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    forall a. (a -> a -> Bool) -> (a -> a -> Bool) -> Eq a
    $c== :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    == :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    $c/= :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    /= :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    Eq, Eq (FunPtr a)
    Eq (FunPtr a) =>
    (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Ordering)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a)
    -> (FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a)
    -> Ord (FunPtr a)
    FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Ordering
    FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    forall a. Eq (FunPtr a)
    forall a.
    Eq a =>
    (a -> a -> Ordering)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> Bool)
    -> (a -> a -> a)
    -> (a -> a -> a)
    -> Ord a
    forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Ordering
    forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    $ccompare :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Ordering
    compare :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Ordering
    $c< :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    < :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    $c<= :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    <= :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    $c> :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    > :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    $c>= :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    >= :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> Bool
    $cmax :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    max :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    $cmin :: forall a. FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    min :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr a -> FunPtr a
    Ord)
    -- ^ A value of type @'FunPtr' a@ is a pointer to a function callable
    -- from foreign code.  The type @a@ will normally be a /foreign type/,
    -- a function type with zero or more arguments where
    --
    -- * the argument types are /marshallable foreign types/,
    --   i.e. 'Char', 'Int', 'Double', 'Float',
    --   'Bool', 'Data.Int.Int8', 'Data.Int.Int16', 'Data.Int.Int32',
    --   'Data.Int.Int64', 'Data.Word.Word8', 'Data.Word.Word16',
    --   'Data.Word.Word32', 'Data.Word.Word64', @'Ptr' a@, @'FunPtr' a@,
    --   @'Foreign.StablePtr.StablePtr' a@ or a renaming of any of these
    --   using @newtype@.
    --
    -- * the return type is either a marshallable foreign type or has the form
    --   @'IO' t@ where @t@ is a marshallable foreign type or @()@.
    --
    -- A value of type @'FunPtr' a@ may be a pointer to a foreign function,
    -- either returned by another foreign function or imported with a
    -- a static address import like
    --
    -- > foreign import ccall "stdlib.h &free"
    -- >   p_free :: FunPtr (Ptr a -> IO ())
    --
    -- or a pointer to a Haskell function created using a /wrapper/ stub
    -- declared to produce a 'FunPtr' of the correct type.  For example:
    --
    -- > type Compare = Int -> Int -> Bool
    -- > foreign import ccall "wrapper"
    -- >   mkCompare :: Compare -> IO (FunPtr Compare)
    --
    -- Calls to wrapper stubs like @mkCompare@ allocate storage, which
    -- should be released with 'Foreign.Ptr.freeHaskellFunPtr' when no
    -- longer required.
    --
    -- To convert 'FunPtr' values to corresponding Haskell functions, one
    -- can define a /dynamic/ stub for the specific foreign type, e.g.
    --
    -- > type IntFunction = CInt -> IO ()
    -- > foreign import ccall "dynamic"
    -- >   mkFun :: FunPtr IntFunction -> IntFunction

    -- |The constant 'nullFunPtr' contains a
    -- distinguished value of 'FunPtr' that is not
    -- associated with a valid memory location.
    nullFunPtr :: FunPtr a
    nullFunPtr :: forall a. FunPtr a
    nullFunPtr = Addr# -> FunPtr a
    forall a. Addr# -> FunPtr a
    FunPtr Addr#
    nullAddr#

    -- |Casts a 'FunPtr' to a 'FunPtr' of a different type.
    castFunPtr :: FunPtr a -> FunPtr b
    castFunPtr :: forall a b. FunPtr a -> FunPtr b
    castFunPtr = FunPtr a -> FunPtr b
    forall a b. Coercible a b => a -> b
    coerce

    -- |Casts a 'FunPtr' to a 'Ptr'.
    --
    -- /Note:/ this is valid only on architectures where data and function
    -- pointers range over the same set of addresses, and should only be used
    -- for bindings to external libraries whose interface already relies on
    -- this assumption.
    castFunPtrToPtr :: FunPtr a -> Ptr b
    castFunPtrToPtr :: forall a b. FunPtr a -> Ptr b
    castFunPtrToPtr (FunPtr Addr#
    addr) = Addr# -> Ptr b
    forall a. Addr# -> Ptr a
    Ptr Addr#
    addr

    -- |Casts a 'Ptr' to a 'FunPtr'.
    --
    -- /Note:/ this is valid only on architectures where data and function
    -- pointers range over the same set of addresses, and should only be used
    -- for bindings to external libraries whose interface already relies on
    -- this assumption.
    castPtrToFunPtr :: Ptr a -> FunPtr b
    castPtrToFunPtr :: forall a b. Ptr a -> FunPtr b
    castPtrToFunPtr (Ptr Addr#
    addr) = Addr# -> FunPtr b
    forall a. Addr# -> FunPtr a
    FunPtr Addr#
    addr

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Show instances for Ptr and FunPtr

    -- | @since 2.01
    instance Show (Ptr a) where
       showsPrec :: Int -> Ptr a -> ShowS
    showsPrec Int
    _ (Ptr Addr#
    a) String
    rs = ShowS
    pad_out (Integer -> ShowS
    forall a. Integral a => a -> ShowS
    showHex (Word# -> Integer
    integerFromWord#(Int# -> Word#
    int2Word#(Addr# -> Int#
    addr2Int# Addr#
    a))) String
    "")
         where
            -- want 0s prefixed to pad it out to a fixed length.
           pad_out :: ShowS
    pad_out String
    ls =
              Char
    '0'Char -> ShowS
    forall a. a -> [a] -> [a]
    :Char
    'x'Char -> ShowS
    forall a. a -> [a] -> [a]
    :(Int -> Char -> String
    forall a. Int -> a -> [a]
    replicate (Int
    2Int -> Int -> Int
    forall a. Num a => a -> a -> a
    *SIZEOF_HSPTR - length ls) '0') ++ ls ++ rs

    -- | @since 2.01
    instance Show (FunPtr a) where
       showsPrec :: Int -> FunPtr a -> ShowS
    showsPrec Int
    p = Int -> Ptr Any -> ShowS
    forall a. Show a => Int -> a -> ShowS
    showsPrec Int
    p (Ptr Any -> ShowS) -> (FunPtr a -> Ptr Any) -> FunPtr a -> ShowS
    forall b c a. (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
    . FunPtr a -> Ptr Any
    forall a b. FunPtr a -> Ptr b
    castFunPtrToPtr