std\sys\fs/
windows.rs

1#![allow(nonstandard_style)]
2
3use crate::alloc::{Layout, alloc, dealloc};
4use crate::borrow::Cow;
5use crate::ffi::{OsStr, OsString, c_void};
6use crate::fs::TryLockError;
7use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor, Error, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, SeekFrom};
8use crate::mem::{self, MaybeUninit, offset_of};
9use crate::os::windows::io::{AsHandle, BorrowedHandle};
10use crate::os::windows::prelude::*;
11use crate::path::{Path, PathBuf};
12use crate::sync::Arc;
13use crate::sys::handle::Handle;
14use crate::sys::pal::api::{self, WinError, set_file_information_by_handle};
15use crate::sys::pal::{IoResult, fill_utf16_buf, to_u16s, truncate_utf16_at_nul};
16use crate::sys::path::{WCStr, maybe_verbatim};
17use crate::sys::time::SystemTime;
18use crate::sys::{Align8, AsInner, FromInner, IntoInner, c, cvt};
19use crate::{fmt, ptr, slice};
20
21mod dir;
22pub use dir::Dir;
23mod remove_dir_all;
24use remove_dir_all::remove_dir_all_iterative;
25
26pub struct File {
27    handle: Handle,
28}
29
30#[derive(Clone)]
31pub struct FileAttr {
32    attributes: u32,
33    creation_time: c::FILETIME,
34    last_access_time: c::FILETIME,
35    last_write_time: c::FILETIME,
36    change_time: Option<c::FILETIME>,
37    file_size: u64,
38    reparse_tag: u32,
39    volume_serial_number: Option<u32>,
40    number_of_links: Option<u32>,
41    file_index: Option<u64>,
42}
43
44#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
45pub struct FileType {
46    is_directory: bool,
47    is_symlink: bool,
48}
49
50pub struct ReadDir {
51    handle: Option<FindNextFileHandle>,
52    root: Arc<PathBuf>,
53    first: Option<c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW>,
54}
55
56struct FindNextFileHandle(c::HANDLE);
57
58unsafe impl Send for FindNextFileHandle {}
59unsafe impl Sync for FindNextFileHandle {}
60
61pub struct DirEntry {
62    root: Arc<PathBuf>,
63    data: c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW,
64}
65
66unsafe impl Send for OpenOptions {}
67unsafe impl Sync for OpenOptions {}
68
69#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
70pub struct OpenOptions {
71    // generic
72    read: bool,
73    write: bool,
74    append: bool,
75    truncate: bool,
76    create: bool,
77    create_new: bool,
78    // system-specific
79    custom_flags: u32,
80    access_mode: Option<u32>,
81    attributes: u32,
82    share_mode: u32,
83    security_qos_flags: u32,
84    inherit_handle: bool,
85    freeze_last_access_time: bool,
86    freeze_last_write_time: bool,
87}
88
89#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
90pub struct FilePermissions {
91    attrs: u32,
92}
93
94#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
95pub struct FileTimes {
96    accessed: Option<c::FILETIME>,
97    modified: Option<c::FILETIME>,
98    created: Option<c::FILETIME>,
99}
100
101impl fmt::Debug for c::FILETIME {
102    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
103        let time = ((self.dwHighDateTime as u64) << 32) | self.dwLowDateTime as u64;
104        f.debug_tuple("FILETIME").field(&time).finish()
105    }
106}
107
108#[derive(Debug)]
109pub struct DirBuilder;
110
111impl fmt::Debug for ReadDir {
112    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
113        // This will only be called from std::fs::ReadDir, which will add a "ReadDir()" frame.
114        // Thus the result will be e g 'ReadDir("C:\")'
115        fmt::Debug::fmt(&*self.root, f)
116    }
117}
118
119impl Iterator for ReadDir {
120    type Item = io::Result<DirEntry>;
121    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<io::Result<DirEntry>> {
122        let Some(handle) = self.handle.as_ref() else {
123            // This iterator was initialized with an `INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE` as its handle.
124            // Simply return `None` because this is only the case when `FindFirstFileExW` in
125            // the construction of this iterator returns `ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND` which means
126            // no matchhing files can be found.
127            return None;
128        };
129        if let Some(first) = self.first.take() {
130            if let Some(e) = DirEntry::new(&self.root, &first) {
131                return Some(Ok(e));
132            }
133        }
134        unsafe {
135            let mut wfd = mem::zeroed();
136            loop {
137                if c::FindNextFileW(handle.0, &mut wfd) == 0 {
138                    self.handle = None;
139                    match api::get_last_error() {
140                        WinError::NO_MORE_FILES => return None,
141                        WinError { code } => {
142                            return Some(Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(code as i32)));
143                        }
144                    }
145                }
146                if let Some(e) = DirEntry::new(&self.root, &wfd) {
147                    return Some(Ok(e));
148                }
149            }
150        }
151    }
152}
153
154impl Drop for FindNextFileHandle {
155    fn drop(&mut self) {
156        let r = unsafe { c::FindClose(self.0) };
157        debug_assert!(r != 0);
158    }
159}
160
161impl DirEntry {
162    fn new(root: &Arc<PathBuf>, wfd: &c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW) -> Option<DirEntry> {
163        match &wfd.cFileName[0..3] {
164            // check for '.' and '..'
165            &[46, 0, ..] | &[46, 46, 0, ..] => return None,
166            _ => {}
167        }
168
169        Some(DirEntry { root: root.clone(), data: *wfd })
170    }
171
172    pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf {
173        self.root.join(self.file_name())
174    }
175
176    pub fn file_name(&self) -> OsString {
177        let filename = truncate_utf16_at_nul(&self.data.cFileName);
178        OsString::from_wide(filename)
179    }
180
181    pub fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<FileType> {
182        Ok(FileType::new(
183            self.data.dwFileAttributes,
184            /* reparse_tag = */ self.data.dwReserved0,
185        ))
186    }
187
188    pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
189        Ok(self.data.into())
190    }
191}
192
193impl OpenOptions {
194    pub fn new() -> OpenOptions {
195        OpenOptions {
196            // generic
197            read: false,
198            write: false,
199            append: false,
200            truncate: false,
201            create: false,
202            create_new: false,
203            // system-specific
204            custom_flags: 0,
205            access_mode: None,
206            share_mode: c::FILE_SHARE_READ | c::FILE_SHARE_WRITE | c::FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
207            attributes: 0,
208            security_qos_flags: 0,
209            inherit_handle: false,
210            freeze_last_access_time: false,
211            freeze_last_write_time: false,
212        }
213    }
214
215    pub fn read(&mut self, read: bool) {
216        self.read = read;
217    }
218    pub fn write(&mut self, write: bool) {
219        self.write = write;
220    }
221    pub fn append(&mut self, append: bool) {
222        self.append = append;
223    }
224    pub fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) {
225        self.truncate = truncate;
226    }
227    pub fn create(&mut self, create: bool) {
228        self.create = create;
229    }
230    pub fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) {
231        self.create_new = create_new;
232    }
233
234    pub fn custom_flags(&mut self, flags: u32) {
235        self.custom_flags = flags;
236    }
237    pub fn access_mode(&mut self, access_mode: u32) {
238        self.access_mode = Some(access_mode);
239    }
240    pub fn share_mode(&mut self, share_mode: u32) {
241        self.share_mode = share_mode;
242    }
243    pub fn attributes(&mut self, attrs: u32) {
244        self.attributes = attrs;
245    }
246    pub fn security_qos_flags(&mut self, flags: u32) {
247        // We have to set `SECURITY_SQOS_PRESENT` here, because one of the valid flags we can
248        // receive is `SECURITY_ANONYMOUS = 0x0`, which we can't check for later on.
249        self.security_qos_flags = flags | c::SECURITY_SQOS_PRESENT;
250    }
251    pub fn inherit_handle(&mut self, inherit: bool) {
252        self.inherit_handle = inherit;
253    }
254    pub fn freeze_last_access_time(&mut self, freeze: bool) {
255        self.freeze_last_access_time = freeze;
256    }
257    pub fn freeze_last_write_time(&mut self, freeze: bool) {
258        self.freeze_last_write_time = freeze;
259    }
260
261    fn get_access_mode(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
262        match (self.read, self.write, self.append, self.access_mode) {
263            (.., Some(mode)) => Ok(mode),
264            (true, false, false, None) => Ok(c::GENERIC_READ),
265            (false, true, false, None) => Ok(c::GENERIC_WRITE),
266            (true, true, false, None) => Ok(c::GENERIC_READ | c::GENERIC_WRITE),
267            (false, _, true, None) => Ok(c::FILE_GENERIC_WRITE & !c::FILE_WRITE_DATA),
268            (true, _, true, None) => {
269                Ok(c::GENERIC_READ | (c::FILE_GENERIC_WRITE & !c::FILE_WRITE_DATA))
270            }
271            (false, false, false, None) => {
272                // If no access mode is set, check if any creation flags are set
273                // to provide a more descriptive error message
274                if self.create || self.create_new || self.truncate {
275                    Err(io::Error::new(
276                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
277                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
278                    ))
279                } else {
280                    Err(io::Error::new(
281                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
282                        "must specify at least one of read, write, or append access",
283                    ))
284                }
285            }
286        }
287    }
288
289    fn get_cmode_disposition(&self) -> io::Result<(u32, u32)> {
290        match (self.write, self.append) {
291            (true, false) => {}
292            (false, false) => {
293                if self.truncate || self.create || self.create_new {
294                    return Err(io::Error::new(
295                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
296                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
297                    ));
298                }
299            }
300            (_, true) => {
301                if self.truncate && !self.create_new {
302                    return Err(io::Error::new(
303                        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
304                        "creating or truncating a file requires write or append access",
305                    ));
306                }
307            }
308        }
309
310        Ok(match (self.create, self.truncate, self.create_new) {
311            (false, false, false) => (c::OPEN_EXISTING, c::FILE_OPEN),
312            (true, false, false) => (c::OPEN_ALWAYS, c::FILE_OPEN_IF),
313            (false, true, false) => (c::TRUNCATE_EXISTING, c::FILE_OVERWRITE),
314            // `CREATE_ALWAYS` has weird semantics so we emulate it using
315            // `OPEN_ALWAYS` and a manual truncation step. See #115745.
316            (true, true, false) => (c::OPEN_ALWAYS, c::FILE_OVERWRITE_IF),
317            (_, _, true) => (c::CREATE_NEW, c::FILE_CREATE),
318        })
319    }
320
321    fn get_creation_mode(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
322        self.get_cmode_disposition().map(|(mode, _)| mode)
323    }
324
325    fn get_disposition(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
326        self.get_cmode_disposition().map(|(_, mode)| mode)
327    }
328
329    fn get_flags_and_attributes(&self) -> u32 {
330        self.custom_flags
331            | self.attributes
332            | self.security_qos_flags
333            | if self.create_new { c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT } else { 0 }
334    }
335}
336
337impl File {
338    pub fn open(path: &Path, opts: &OpenOptions) -> io::Result<File> {
339        let path = maybe_verbatim(path)?;
340        // SAFETY: maybe_verbatim returns null-terminated strings
341        let path = unsafe { WCStr::from_wchars_with_null_unchecked(&path) };
342        Self::open_native(&path, opts)
343    }
344
345    fn open_native(path: &WCStr, opts: &OpenOptions) -> io::Result<File> {
346        let creation = opts.get_creation_mode()?;
347        let sa = c::SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {
348            nLength: size_of::<c::SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES>() as u32,
349            lpSecurityDescriptor: ptr::null_mut(),
350            bInheritHandle: opts.inherit_handle as c::BOOL,
351        };
352        let handle = unsafe {
353            c::CreateFileW(
354                path.as_ptr(),
355                opts.get_access_mode()?,
356                opts.share_mode,
357                if opts.inherit_handle { &sa } else { ptr::null() },
358                creation,
359                opts.get_flags_and_attributes(),
360                ptr::null_mut(),
361            )
362        };
363        let handle = unsafe { HandleOrInvalid::from_raw_handle(handle) };
364        if let Ok(handle) = OwnedHandle::try_from(handle) {
365            if opts.freeze_last_access_time || opts.freeze_last_write_time {
366                let file_time =
367                    c::FILETIME { dwLowDateTime: 0xFFFFFFFF, dwHighDateTime: 0xFFFFFFFF };
368                cvt(unsafe {
369                    c::SetFileTime(
370                        handle.as_raw_handle(),
371                        core::ptr::null(),
372                        if opts.freeze_last_access_time { &file_time } else { core::ptr::null() },
373                        if opts.freeze_last_write_time { &file_time } else { core::ptr::null() },
374                    )
375                })?;
376            }
377            // Manual truncation. See #115745.
378            if opts.truncate
379                && creation == c::OPEN_ALWAYS
380                && api::get_last_error() == WinError::ALREADY_EXISTS
381            {
382                // This first tries `FileAllocationInfo` but falls back to
383                // `FileEndOfFileInfo` in order to support WINE.
384                // If WINE gains support for FileAllocationInfo, we should
385                // remove the fallback.
386                let alloc = c::FILE_ALLOCATION_INFO { AllocationSize: 0 };
387                set_file_information_by_handle(handle.as_raw_handle(), &alloc)
388                    .or_else(|_| {
389                        let eof = c::FILE_END_OF_FILE_INFO { EndOfFile: 0 };
390                        set_file_information_by_handle(handle.as_raw_handle(), &eof)
391                    })
392                    .io_result()?;
393            }
394            Ok(File { handle: Handle::from_inner(handle) })
395        } else {
396            Err(Error::last_os_error())
397        }
398    }
399
400    pub fn fsync(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
401        cvt(unsafe { c::FlushFileBuffers(self.handle.as_raw_handle()) })?;
402        Ok(())
403    }
404
405    pub fn datasync(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
406        self.fsync()
407    }
408
409    fn acquire_lock(&self, flags: c::LOCK_FILE_FLAGS) -> io::Result<()> {
410        unsafe {
411            let mut overlapped: c::OVERLAPPED = mem::zeroed();
412            let event = c::CreateEventW(ptr::null_mut(), c::FALSE, c::FALSE, ptr::null());
413            if event.is_null() {
414                return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
415            }
416            overlapped.hEvent = event;
417            let lock_result = cvt(c::LockFileEx(
418                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
419                flags,
420                0,
421                u32::MAX,
422                u32::MAX,
423                &mut overlapped,
424            ));
425
426            let final_result = match lock_result {
427                Ok(_) => Ok(()),
428                Err(err) => {
429                    if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_IO_PENDING as i32) {
430                        // Wait for the lock to be acquired, and get the lock operation status.
431                        // This can happen asynchronously, if the file handle was opened for async IO
432                        let mut bytes_transferred = 0;
433                        cvt(c::GetOverlappedResult(
434                            self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
435                            &mut overlapped,
436                            &mut bytes_transferred,
437                            c::TRUE,
438                        ))
439                        .map(|_| ())
440                    } else {
441                        Err(err)
442                    }
443                }
444            };
445            c::CloseHandle(overlapped.hEvent);
446            final_result
447        }
448    }
449
450    pub fn lock(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
451        self.acquire_lock(c::LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK)
452    }
453
454    pub fn lock_shared(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
455        self.acquire_lock(0)
456    }
457
458    pub fn try_lock(&self) -> Result<(), TryLockError> {
459        let result = cvt(unsafe {
460            let mut overlapped = mem::zeroed();
461            c::LockFileEx(
462                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
463                c::LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK | c::LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
464                0,
465                u32::MAX,
466                u32::MAX,
467                &mut overlapped,
468            )
469        });
470
471        match result {
472            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
473            Err(err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION as i32) => {
474                Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock)
475            }
476            Err(err) => Err(TryLockError::Error(err)),
477        }
478    }
479
480    pub fn try_lock_shared(&self) -> Result<(), TryLockError> {
481        let result = cvt(unsafe {
482            let mut overlapped = mem::zeroed();
483            c::LockFileEx(
484                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
485                c::LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
486                0,
487                u32::MAX,
488                u32::MAX,
489                &mut overlapped,
490            )
491        });
492
493        match result {
494            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
495            Err(err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION as i32) => {
496                Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock)
497            }
498            Err(err) => Err(TryLockError::Error(err)),
499        }
500    }
501
502    pub fn unlock(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
503        // Unlock the handle twice because LockFileEx() allows a file handle to acquire
504        // both an exclusive and shared lock, in which case the documentation states that:
505        // "...two unlock operations are necessary to unlock the region; the first unlock operation
506        // unlocks the exclusive lock, the second unlock operation unlocks the shared lock"
507        cvt(unsafe { c::UnlockFile(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), 0, 0, u32::MAX, u32::MAX) })?;
508        let result =
509            cvt(unsafe { c::UnlockFile(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), 0, 0, u32::MAX, u32::MAX) });
510        match result {
511            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
512            Err(err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_NOT_LOCKED as i32) => Ok(()),
513            Err(err) => Err(err),
514        }
515    }
516
517    pub fn truncate(&self, size: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
518        let info = c::FILE_END_OF_FILE_INFO { EndOfFile: size as i64 };
519        api::set_file_information_by_handle(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &info).io_result()
520    }
521
522    #[cfg(not(target_vendor = "uwp"))]
523    pub fn file_attr(&self) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
524        unsafe {
525            let mut info: c::BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION = mem::zeroed();
526            cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandle(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &mut info))?;
527            let mut reparse_tag = 0;
528            if info.dwFileAttributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0 {
529                let mut attr_tag: c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO = mem::zeroed();
530                cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
531                    self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
532                    c::FileAttributeTagInfo,
533                    (&raw mut attr_tag).cast(),
534                    size_of::<c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO>().try_into().unwrap(),
535                ))?;
536                if attr_tag.FileAttributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0 {
537                    reparse_tag = attr_tag.ReparseTag;
538                }
539            }
540            Ok(FileAttr {
541                attributes: info.dwFileAttributes,
542                creation_time: info.ftCreationTime,
543                last_access_time: info.ftLastAccessTime,
544                last_write_time: info.ftLastWriteTime,
545                change_time: None, // Only available in FILE_BASIC_INFO
546                file_size: (info.nFileSizeLow as u64) | ((info.nFileSizeHigh as u64) << 32),
547                reparse_tag,
548                volume_serial_number: Some(info.dwVolumeSerialNumber),
549                number_of_links: Some(info.nNumberOfLinks),
550                file_index: Some(
551                    (info.nFileIndexLow as u64) | ((info.nFileIndexHigh as u64) << 32),
552                ),
553            })
554        }
555    }
556
557    #[cfg(target_vendor = "uwp")]
558    pub fn file_attr(&self) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
559        unsafe {
560            let mut info: c::FILE_BASIC_INFO = mem::zeroed();
561            let size = size_of_val(&info);
562            cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
563                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
564                c::FileBasicInfo,
565                (&raw mut info) as *mut c_void,
566                size as u32,
567            ))?;
568            let mut attr = FileAttr {
569                attributes: info.FileAttributes,
570                creation_time: c::FILETIME {
571                    dwLowDateTime: info.CreationTime as u32,
572                    dwHighDateTime: (info.CreationTime >> 32) as u32,
573                },
574                last_access_time: c::FILETIME {
575                    dwLowDateTime: info.LastAccessTime as u32,
576                    dwHighDateTime: (info.LastAccessTime >> 32) as u32,
577                },
578                last_write_time: c::FILETIME {
579                    dwLowDateTime: info.LastWriteTime as u32,
580                    dwHighDateTime: (info.LastWriteTime >> 32) as u32,
581                },
582                change_time: Some(c::FILETIME {
583                    dwLowDateTime: info.ChangeTime as u32,
584                    dwHighDateTime: (info.ChangeTime >> 32) as u32,
585                }),
586                file_size: 0,
587                reparse_tag: 0,
588                volume_serial_number: None,
589                number_of_links: None,
590                file_index: None,
591            };
592            let mut info: c::FILE_STANDARD_INFO = mem::zeroed();
593            let size = size_of_val(&info);
594            cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
595                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
596                c::FileStandardInfo,
597                (&raw mut info) as *mut c_void,
598                size as u32,
599            ))?;
600            attr.file_size = info.AllocationSize as u64;
601            attr.number_of_links = Some(info.NumberOfLinks);
602            if attr.attributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0 {
603                let mut attr_tag: c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO = mem::zeroed();
604                cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
605                    self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
606                    c::FileAttributeTagInfo,
607                    (&raw mut attr_tag).cast(),
608                    size_of::<c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO>().try_into().unwrap(),
609                ))?;
610                if attr_tag.FileAttributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0 {
611                    attr.reparse_tag = attr_tag.ReparseTag;
612                }
613            }
614            Ok(attr)
615        }
616    }
617
618    pub fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
619        self.handle.read(buf)
620    }
621
622    pub fn read_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
623        self.handle.read_vectored(bufs)
624    }
625
626    #[inline]
627    pub fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool {
628        self.handle.is_read_vectored()
629    }
630
631    pub fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize> {
632        self.handle.read_at(buf, offset)
633    }
634
635    pub fn read_buf(&self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
636        self.handle.read_buf(cursor)
637    }
638
639    pub fn read_buf_at(&self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>, offset: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
640        self.handle.read_buf_at(cursor, offset)
641    }
642
643    pub fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
644        self.handle.write(buf)
645    }
646
647    pub fn write_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
648        self.handle.write_vectored(bufs)
649    }
650
651    #[inline]
652    pub fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
653        self.handle.is_write_vectored()
654    }
655
656    pub fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize> {
657        self.handle.write_at(buf, offset)
658    }
659
660    pub fn flush(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
661        Ok(())
662    }
663
664    pub fn seek(&self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
665        let (whence, pos) = match pos {
666            // Casting to `i64` is fine, `SetFilePointerEx` reinterprets this
667            // integer as `u64`.
668            SeekFrom::Start(n) => (c::FILE_BEGIN, n as i64),
669            SeekFrom::End(n) => (c::FILE_END, n),
670            SeekFrom::Current(n) => (c::FILE_CURRENT, n),
671        };
672        let pos = pos as i64;
673        let mut newpos = 0;
674        cvt(unsafe { c::SetFilePointerEx(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), pos, &mut newpos, whence) })?;
675        Ok(newpos as u64)
676    }
677
678    pub fn size(&self) -> Option<io::Result<u64>> {
679        let mut result = 0;
680        Some(
681            cvt(unsafe { c::GetFileSizeEx(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &mut result) })
682                .map(|_| result as u64),
683        )
684    }
685
686    pub fn tell(&self) -> io::Result<u64> {
687        self.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))
688    }
689
690    pub fn duplicate(&self) -> io::Result<File> {
691        Ok(Self { handle: self.handle.try_clone()? })
692    }
693
694    // NB: returned pointer is derived from `space`, and has provenance to
695    // match. A raw pointer is returned rather than a reference in order to
696    // avoid narrowing provenance to the actual `REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER`.
697    fn reparse_point(
698        &self,
699        space: &mut Align8<[MaybeUninit<u8>]>,
700    ) -> io::Result<(u32, *mut c::REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)> {
701        unsafe {
702            let mut bytes = 0;
703            cvt({
704                // Grab this in advance to avoid it invalidating the pointer
705                // we get from `space.0.as_mut_ptr()`.
706                let len = space.0.len();
707                c::DeviceIoControl(
708                    self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
709                    c::FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
710                    ptr::null_mut(),
711                    0,
712                    space.0.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
713                    len as u32,
714                    &mut bytes,
715                    ptr::null_mut(),
716                )
717            })?;
718            const _: () = assert!(align_of::<c::REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER>() <= 8);
719            Ok((bytes, space.0.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c::REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER>()))
720        }
721    }
722
723    fn readlink(&self) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
724        let mut space =
725            Align8([MaybeUninit::<u8>::uninit(); c::MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE as usize]);
726        let (_bytes, buf) = self.reparse_point(&mut space)?;
727        unsafe {
728            let (path_buffer, subst_off, subst_len, relative) = match (*buf).ReparseTag {
729                c::IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK => {
730                    let info: *mut c::SYMBOLIC_LINK_REPARSE_BUFFER = (&raw mut (*buf).rest).cast();
731                    assert!(info.is_aligned());
732                    (
733                        (&raw mut (*info).PathBuffer).cast::<u16>(),
734                        (*info).SubstituteNameOffset / 2,
735                        (*info).SubstituteNameLength / 2,
736                        (*info).Flags & c::SYMLINK_FLAG_RELATIVE != 0,
737                    )
738                }
739                c::IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT => {
740                    let info: *mut c::MOUNT_POINT_REPARSE_BUFFER = (&raw mut (*buf).rest).cast();
741                    assert!(info.is_aligned());
742                    (
743                        (&raw mut (*info).PathBuffer).cast::<u16>(),
744                        (*info).SubstituteNameOffset / 2,
745                        (*info).SubstituteNameLength / 2,
746                        false,
747                    )
748                }
749                _ => {
750                    return Err(io::const_error!(
751                        io::ErrorKind::Uncategorized,
752                        "Unsupported reparse point type",
753                    ));
754                }
755            };
756            let subst_ptr = path_buffer.add(subst_off.into());
757            let subst = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(subst_ptr, subst_len as usize);
758            // Absolute paths start with an NT internal namespace prefix `\??\`
759            // We should not let it leak through.
760            if !relative && subst.starts_with(&[92u16, 63u16, 63u16, 92u16]) {
761                // Turn `\??\` into `\\?\` (a verbatim path).
762                subst[1] = b'\\' as u16;
763                // Attempt to convert to a more user-friendly path.
764                let user = crate::sys::args::from_wide_to_user_path(
765                    subst.iter().copied().chain([0]).collect(),
766                )?;
767                Ok(PathBuf::from(OsString::from_wide(user.strip_suffix(&[0]).unwrap_or(&user))))
768            } else {
769                Ok(PathBuf::from(OsString::from_wide(subst)))
770            }
771        }
772    }
773
774    pub fn set_permissions(&self, perm: FilePermissions) -> io::Result<()> {
775        let info = c::FILE_BASIC_INFO {
776            CreationTime: 0,
777            LastAccessTime: 0,
778            LastWriteTime: 0,
779            ChangeTime: 0,
780            FileAttributes: perm.attrs,
781        };
782        api::set_file_information_by_handle(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &info).io_result()
783    }
784
785    pub fn set_times(&self, times: FileTimes) -> io::Result<()> {
786        let is_zero = |t: c::FILETIME| t.dwLowDateTime == 0 && t.dwHighDateTime == 0;
787        if times.accessed.map_or(false, is_zero)
788            || times.modified.map_or(false, is_zero)
789            || times.created.map_or(false, is_zero)
790        {
791            return Err(io::const_error!(
792                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
793                "cannot set file timestamp to 0",
794            ));
795        }
796        let is_max = |t: c::FILETIME| t.dwLowDateTime == u32::MAX && t.dwHighDateTime == u32::MAX;
797        if times.accessed.map_or(false, is_max)
798            || times.modified.map_or(false, is_max)
799            || times.created.map_or(false, is_max)
800        {
801            return Err(io::const_error!(
802                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
803                "cannot set file timestamp to 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF",
804            ));
805        }
806        cvt(unsafe {
807            let created =
808                times.created.as_ref().map(|a| a as *const c::FILETIME).unwrap_or(ptr::null());
809            let accessed =
810                times.accessed.as_ref().map(|a| a as *const c::FILETIME).unwrap_or(ptr::null());
811            let modified =
812                times.modified.as_ref().map(|a| a as *const c::FILETIME).unwrap_or(ptr::null());
813            c::SetFileTime(self.as_raw_handle(), created, accessed, modified)
814        })?;
815        Ok(())
816    }
817
818    /// Gets only basic file information such as attributes and file times.
819    fn basic_info(&self) -> io::Result<c::FILE_BASIC_INFO> {
820        unsafe {
821            let mut info: c::FILE_BASIC_INFO = mem::zeroed();
822            let size = size_of_val(&info);
823            cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
824                self.handle.as_raw_handle(),
825                c::FileBasicInfo,
826                (&raw mut info) as *mut c_void,
827                size as u32,
828            ))?;
829            Ok(info)
830        }
831    }
832
833    /// Deletes the file, consuming the file handle to ensure the delete occurs
834    /// as immediately as possible.
835    /// This attempts to use `posix_delete` but falls back to `win32_delete`
836    /// if that is not supported by the filesystem.
837    #[allow(unused)]
838    fn delete(self) -> Result<(), WinError> {
839        // If POSIX delete is not supported for this filesystem then fallback to win32 delete.
840        match self.posix_delete() {
841            Err(WinError::INVALID_PARAMETER)
842            | Err(WinError::NOT_SUPPORTED)
843            | Err(WinError::INVALID_FUNCTION) => self.win32_delete(),
844            result => result,
845        }
846    }
847
848    /// Delete using POSIX semantics.
849    ///
850    /// Files will be deleted as soon as the handle is closed. This is supported
851    /// for Windows 10 1607 (aka RS1) and later. However some filesystem
852    /// drivers will not support it even then, e.g. FAT32.
853    ///
854    /// If the operation is not supported for this filesystem or OS version
855    /// then errors will be `ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED` or `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`.
856    #[allow(unused)]
857    fn posix_delete(&self) -> Result<(), WinError> {
858        let info = c::FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO_EX {
859            Flags: c::FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_DELETE
860                | c::FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS
861                | c::FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_ATTRIBUTE,
862        };
863        api::set_file_information_by_handle(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &info)
864    }
865
866    /// Delete a file using win32 semantics. The file won't actually be deleted
867    /// until all file handles are closed. However, marking a file for deletion
868    /// will prevent anyone from opening a new handle to the file.
869    #[allow(unused)]
870    fn win32_delete(&self) -> Result<(), WinError> {
871        let info = c::FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO { DeleteFile: true };
872        api::set_file_information_by_handle(self.handle.as_raw_handle(), &info)
873    }
874
875    /// Fill the given buffer with as many directory entries as will fit.
876    /// This will remember its position and continue from the last call unless
877    /// `restart` is set to `true`.
878    ///
879    /// The returned bool indicates if there are more entries or not.
880    /// It is an error if `self` is not a directory.
881    ///
882    /// # Symlinks and other reparse points
883    ///
884    /// On Windows a file is either a directory or a non-directory.
885    /// A symlink directory is simply an empty directory with some "reparse" metadata attached.
886    /// So if you open a link (not its target) and iterate the directory,
887    /// you will always iterate an empty directory regardless of the target.
888    #[allow(unused)]
889    fn fill_dir_buff(&self, buffer: &mut DirBuff, restart: bool) -> Result<bool, WinError> {
890        let class =
891            if restart { c::FileIdBothDirectoryRestartInfo } else { c::FileIdBothDirectoryInfo };
892
893        unsafe {
894            let result = c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
895                self.as_raw_handle(),
896                class,
897                buffer.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
898                buffer.capacity() as _,
899            );
900            if result == 0 {
901                let err = api::get_last_error();
902                if err.code == c::ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES { Ok(false) } else { Err(err) }
903            } else {
904                Ok(true)
905            }
906        }
907    }
908}
909
910/// A buffer for holding directory entries.
911struct DirBuff {
912    buffer: Box<Align8<[MaybeUninit<u8>; Self::BUFFER_SIZE]>>,
913}
914impl DirBuff {
915    const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1024;
916    fn new() -> Self {
917        Self {
918            // Safety: `Align8<[MaybeUninit<u8>; N]>` does not need
919            // initialization.
920            buffer: unsafe { Box::new_uninit().assume_init() },
921        }
922    }
923    fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
924        self.buffer.0.len()
925    }
926    fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
927        self.buffer.0.as_mut_ptr().cast()
928    }
929    /// Returns a `DirBuffIter`.
930    fn iter(&self) -> DirBuffIter<'_> {
931        DirBuffIter::new(self)
932    }
933}
934impl AsRef<[MaybeUninit<u8>]> for DirBuff {
935    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[MaybeUninit<u8>] {
936        &self.buffer.0
937    }
938}
939
940/// An iterator over entries stored in a `DirBuff`.
941///
942/// Currently only returns file names (UTF-16 encoded).
943struct DirBuffIter<'a> {
944    buffer: Option<&'a [MaybeUninit<u8>]>,
945    cursor: usize,
946}
947impl<'a> DirBuffIter<'a> {
948    fn new(buffer: &'a DirBuff) -> Self {
949        Self { buffer: Some(buffer.as_ref()), cursor: 0 }
950    }
951}
952impl<'a> Iterator for DirBuffIter<'a> {
953    type Item = (Cow<'a, [u16]>, bool);
954    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
955        let buffer = &self.buffer?[self.cursor..];
956
957        // Get the name and next entry from the buffer.
958        // SAFETY:
959        // - The buffer contains a `FILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFO` struct but the last
960        //   field (the file name) is unsized. So an offset has to be used to
961        //   get the file name slice.
962        // - The OS has guaranteed initialization of the fields of
963        //   `FILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFO` and the trailing filename (for at least
964        //   `FileNameLength` bytes)
965        let (name, is_directory, next_entry) = unsafe {
966            let info = buffer.as_ptr().cast::<c::FILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFO>();
967            // While this is guaranteed to be aligned in documentation for
968            // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/ns-winbase-file_id_both_dir_info
969            // it does not seem that reality is so kind, and assuming this
970            // caused crashes in some cases (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/104530)
971            // presumably, this can be blamed on buggy filesystem drivers, but who knows.
972            let next_entry = (&raw const (*info).NextEntryOffset).read_unaligned() as usize;
973            let length = (&raw const (*info).FileNameLength).read_unaligned() as usize;
974            let attrs = (&raw const (*info).FileAttributes).read_unaligned();
975            let name = from_maybe_unaligned(
976                (&raw const (*info).FileName).cast::<u16>(),
977                length / size_of::<u16>(),
978            );
979            let is_directory = (attrs & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0;
980
981            (name, is_directory, next_entry)
982        };
983
984        if next_entry == 0 {
985            self.buffer = None
986        } else {
987            self.cursor += next_entry
988        }
989
990        // Skip `.` and `..` pseudo entries.
991        const DOT: u16 = b'.' as u16;
992        match &name[..] {
993            [DOT] | [DOT, DOT] => self.next(),
994            _ => Some((name, is_directory)),
995        }
996    }
997}
998
999unsafe fn from_maybe_unaligned<'a>(p: *const u16, len: usize) -> Cow<'a, [u16]> {
1000    unsafe {
1001        if p.is_aligned() {
1002            Cow::Borrowed(crate::slice::from_raw_parts(p, len))
1003        } else {
1004            Cow::Owned((0..len).map(|i| p.add(i).read_unaligned()).collect())
1005        }
1006    }
1007}
1008
1009impl AsInner<Handle> for File {
1010    #[inline]
1011    fn as_inner(&self) -> &Handle {
1012        &self.handle
1013    }
1014}
1015
1016impl IntoInner<Handle> for File {
1017    fn into_inner(self) -> Handle {
1018        self.handle
1019    }
1020}
1021
1022impl FromInner<Handle> for File {
1023    fn from_inner(handle: Handle) -> File {
1024        File { handle }
1025    }
1026}
1027
1028impl AsHandle for File {
1029    fn as_handle(&self) -> BorrowedHandle<'_> {
1030        self.as_inner().as_handle()
1031    }
1032}
1033
1034impl AsRawHandle for File {
1035    fn as_raw_handle(&self) -> RawHandle {
1036        self.as_inner().as_raw_handle()
1037    }
1038}
1039
1040impl IntoRawHandle for File {
1041    fn into_raw_handle(self) -> RawHandle {
1042        self.into_inner().into_raw_handle()
1043    }
1044}
1045
1046impl FromRawHandle for File {
1047    unsafe fn from_raw_handle(raw_handle: RawHandle) -> Self {
1048        unsafe {
1049            Self { handle: FromInner::from_inner(FromRawHandle::from_raw_handle(raw_handle)) }
1050        }
1051    }
1052}
1053
1054fn debug_path_handle<'a, 'b>(
1055    handle: BorrowedHandle<'a>,
1056    f: &'a mut fmt::Formatter<'b>,
1057    name: &str,
1058) -> fmt::DebugStruct<'a, 'b> {
1059    // FIXME(#24570): add more info here (e.g., mode)
1060    let mut b = f.debug_struct(name);
1061    b.field("handle", &handle.as_raw_handle());
1062    if let Ok(path) = get_path(handle) {
1063        b.field("path", &path);
1064    }
1065    b
1066}
1067
1068impl fmt::Debug for File {
1069    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
1070        let mut b = debug_path_handle(self.handle.as_handle(), f, "File");
1071        b.finish()
1072    }
1073}
1074
1075impl FileAttr {
1076    pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
1077        self.file_size
1078    }
1079
1080    pub fn perm(&self) -> FilePermissions {
1081        FilePermissions { attrs: self.attributes }
1082    }
1083
1084    pub fn attrs(&self) -> u32 {
1085        self.attributes
1086    }
1087
1088    pub fn file_type(&self) -> FileType {
1089        FileType::new(self.attributes, self.reparse_tag)
1090    }
1091
1092    pub fn modified(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1093        Ok(SystemTime::from(self.last_write_time))
1094    }
1095
1096    pub fn accessed(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1097        Ok(SystemTime::from(self.last_access_time))
1098    }
1099
1100    pub fn created(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1101        Ok(SystemTime::from(self.creation_time))
1102    }
1103
1104    pub fn modified_u64(&self) -> u64 {
1105        to_u64(&self.last_write_time)
1106    }
1107
1108    pub fn accessed_u64(&self) -> u64 {
1109        to_u64(&self.last_access_time)
1110    }
1111
1112    pub fn created_u64(&self) -> u64 {
1113        to_u64(&self.creation_time)
1114    }
1115
1116    pub fn changed_u64(&self) -> Option<u64> {
1117        self.change_time.as_ref().map(|c| to_u64(c))
1118    }
1119
1120    pub fn volume_serial_number(&self) -> Option<u32> {
1121        self.volume_serial_number
1122    }
1123
1124    pub fn number_of_links(&self) -> Option<u32> {
1125        self.number_of_links
1126    }
1127
1128    pub fn file_index(&self) -> Option<u64> {
1129        self.file_index
1130    }
1131}
1132impl From<c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW> for FileAttr {
1133    fn from(wfd: c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW) -> Self {
1134        FileAttr {
1135            attributes: wfd.dwFileAttributes,
1136            creation_time: wfd.ftCreationTime,
1137            last_access_time: wfd.ftLastAccessTime,
1138            last_write_time: wfd.ftLastWriteTime,
1139            change_time: None,
1140            file_size: ((wfd.nFileSizeHigh as u64) << 32) | (wfd.nFileSizeLow as u64),
1141            reparse_tag: if wfd.dwFileAttributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0 {
1142                // reserved unless this is a reparse point
1143                wfd.dwReserved0
1144            } else {
1145                0
1146            },
1147            volume_serial_number: None,
1148            number_of_links: None,
1149            file_index: None,
1150        }
1151    }
1152}
1153
1154fn to_u64(ft: &c::FILETIME) -> u64 {
1155    (ft.dwLowDateTime as u64) | ((ft.dwHighDateTime as u64) << 32)
1156}
1157
1158impl FilePermissions {
1159    pub fn readonly(&self) -> bool {
1160        self.attrs & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY != 0
1161    }
1162
1163    pub fn set_readonly(&mut self, readonly: bool) {
1164        if readonly {
1165            self.attrs |= c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
1166        } else {
1167            self.attrs &= !c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
1168        }
1169    }
1170}
1171
1172impl FileTimes {
1173    pub fn set_accessed(&mut self, t: SystemTime) {
1174        self.accessed = Some(t.into_inner());
1175    }
1176
1177    pub fn set_modified(&mut self, t: SystemTime) {
1178        self.modified = Some(t.into_inner());
1179    }
1180
1181    pub fn set_created(&mut self, t: SystemTime) {
1182        self.created = Some(t.into_inner());
1183    }
1184}
1185
1186impl FileType {
1187    fn new(attributes: u32, reparse_tag: u32) -> FileType {
1188        let is_directory = attributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY != 0;
1189        let is_symlink = {
1190            let is_reparse_point = attributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT != 0;
1191            let is_reparse_tag_name_surrogate = reparse_tag & 0x20000000 != 0;
1192            is_reparse_point && is_reparse_tag_name_surrogate
1193        };
1194        FileType { is_directory, is_symlink }
1195    }
1196    pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
1197        !self.is_symlink && self.is_directory
1198    }
1199    pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool {
1200        !self.is_symlink && !self.is_directory
1201    }
1202    pub fn is_symlink(&self) -> bool {
1203        self.is_symlink
1204    }
1205    pub fn is_symlink_dir(&self) -> bool {
1206        self.is_symlink && self.is_directory
1207    }
1208    pub fn is_symlink_file(&self) -> bool {
1209        self.is_symlink && !self.is_directory
1210    }
1211}
1212
1213impl DirBuilder {
1214    pub fn new() -> DirBuilder {
1215        DirBuilder
1216    }
1217
1218    pub fn mkdir(&self, p: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
1219        let p = maybe_verbatim(p)?;
1220        cvt(unsafe { c::CreateDirectoryW(p.as_ptr(), ptr::null_mut()) })?;
1221        Ok(())
1222    }
1223}
1224
1225pub fn readdir(p: &Path) -> io::Result<ReadDir> {
1226    // We push a `*` to the end of the path which cause the empty path to be
1227    // treated as the current directory. So, for consistency with other platforms,
1228    // we explicitly error on the empty path.
1229    if p.as_os_str().is_empty() {
1230        // Return an error code consistent with other ways of opening files.
1231        // E.g. fs::metadata or File::open.
1232        return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(c::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND as i32));
1233    }
1234    let root = p.to_path_buf();
1235    let star = p.join("*");
1236    let path = maybe_verbatim(&star)?;
1237
1238    unsafe {
1239        let mut wfd: c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW = mem::zeroed();
1240        // this is like FindFirstFileW (see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-findfirstfileexw),
1241        // but with FindExInfoBasic it should skip filling WIN32_FIND_DATAW.cAlternateFileName
1242        // (see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/minwinbase/ns-minwinbase-win32_find_dataw)
1243        // (which will be always null string value and currently unused) and should be faster.
1244        //
1245        // We can pass FIND_FIRST_EX_LARGE_FETCH to dwAdditionalFlags to speed up things more,
1246        // but as we don't know user's use profile of this function, lets be conservative.
1247        let find_handle = c::FindFirstFileExW(
1248            path.as_ptr(),
1249            c::FindExInfoBasic,
1250            &mut wfd as *mut _ as _,
1251            c::FindExSearchNameMatch,
1252            ptr::null(),
1253            0,
1254        );
1255
1256        if find_handle != c::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
1257            Ok(ReadDir {
1258                handle: Some(FindNextFileHandle(find_handle)),
1259                root: Arc::new(root),
1260                first: Some(wfd),
1261            })
1262        } else {
1263            // The status `ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND` is returned by the `FindFirstFileExW` function
1264            // if no matching files can be found, but not necessarily that the path to find the
1265            // files in does not exist.
1266            //
1267            // Hence, a check for whether the path to search in exists is added when the last
1268            // os error returned by Windows is `ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND` to handle this scenario.
1269            // If that is the case, an empty `ReadDir` iterator is returned as it returns `None`
1270            // in the initial `.next()` invocation because `ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES` would have been
1271            // returned by the `FindNextFileW` function.
1272            //
1273            // See issue #120040: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/120040.
1274            let last_error = api::get_last_error();
1275            if last_error == WinError::FILE_NOT_FOUND {
1276                return Ok(ReadDir { handle: None, root: Arc::new(root), first: None });
1277            }
1278
1279            // Just return the error constructed from the raw OS error if the above is not the case.
1280            //
1281            // Note: `ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND` would have been returned by the `FindFirstFileExW` function
1282            // when the path to search in does not exist in the first place.
1283            Err(Error::from_raw_os_error(last_error.code as i32))
1284        }
1285    }
1286}
1287
1288pub fn unlink(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1289    if unsafe { c::DeleteFileW(path.as_ptr()) } == 0 {
1290        let err = api::get_last_error();
1291        // if `DeleteFileW` fails with ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED then try to remove
1292        // the file while ignoring the readonly attribute.
1293        // This is accomplished by calling the `posix_delete` function on an open file handle.
1294        if err == WinError::ACCESS_DENIED {
1295            let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1296            opts.access_mode(c::DELETE);
1297            opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT);
1298            if let Ok(f) = File::open_native(&path, &opts) {
1299                if f.posix_delete().is_ok() {
1300                    return Ok(());
1301                }
1302            }
1303        }
1304        // return the original error if any of the above fails.
1305        Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(err.code as i32))
1306    } else {
1307        Ok(())
1308    }
1309}
1310
1311pub fn rename(old: &WCStr, new: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1312    if unsafe { c::MoveFileExW(old.as_ptr(), new.as_ptr(), c::MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING) } == 0 {
1313        let err = api::get_last_error();
1314        // if `MoveFileExW` fails with ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED then try to move
1315        // the file while ignoring the readonly attribute.
1316        // This is accomplished by calling `SetFileInformationByHandle` with `FileRenameInfoEx`.
1317        if err == WinError::ACCESS_DENIED {
1318            let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1319            opts.access_mode(c::DELETE);
1320            opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
1321            let Ok(f) = File::open_native(&old, &opts) else { return Err(err).io_result() };
1322
1323            // Calculate the layout of the `FILE_RENAME_INFO` we pass to `SetFileInformation`
1324            // This is a dynamically sized struct so we need to get the position of the last field to calculate the actual size.
1325            let Ok(new_len_without_nul_in_bytes): Result<u32, _> =
1326                ((new.count_bytes() - 1) * 2).try_into()
1327            else {
1328                return Err(err).io_result();
1329            };
1330            let offset: u32 = offset_of!(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO, FileName).try_into().unwrap();
1331            let struct_size = offset + new_len_without_nul_in_bytes + 2;
1332            let layout =
1333                Layout::from_size_align(struct_size as usize, align_of::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>())
1334                    .unwrap();
1335
1336            let file_rename_info;
1337            // SAFETY: We allocate enough memory for a full FILE_RENAME_INFO struct and a filename.
1338            unsafe {
1339                file_rename_info = alloc(layout).cast::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>();
1340                if file_rename_info.is_null() {
1341                    return Err(io::ErrorKind::OutOfMemory.into());
1342                }
1343
1344                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).Anonymous).write(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO_0 {
1345                    Flags: c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_REPLACE_IF_EXISTS
1346                        | c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS,
1347                });
1348
1349                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).RootDirectory).write(ptr::null_mut());
1350                // Don't include the NULL in the size
1351                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileNameLength).write(new_len_without_nul_in_bytes);
1352
1353                new.as_ptr().copy_to_nonoverlapping(
1354                    (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileName).cast::<u16>(),
1355                    new.count_bytes(),
1356                );
1357            }
1358
1359            let result = unsafe {
1360                c::SetFileInformationByHandle(
1361                    f.as_raw_handle(),
1362                    c::FileRenameInfoEx,
1363                    file_rename_info.cast::<c_void>(),
1364                    struct_size,
1365                )
1366            };
1367            unsafe { dealloc(file_rename_info.cast::<u8>(), layout) };
1368            if result == 0 {
1369                if api::get_last_error() == WinError::DIR_NOT_EMPTY {
1370                    return Err(WinError::DIR_NOT_EMPTY).io_result();
1371                } else {
1372                    return Err(err).io_result();
1373                }
1374            }
1375        } else {
1376            return Err(err).io_result();
1377        }
1378    }
1379    Ok(())
1380}
1381
1382pub fn rmdir(p: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1383    cvt(unsafe { c::RemoveDirectoryW(p.as_ptr()) })?;
1384    Ok(())
1385}
1386
1387pub fn remove_dir_all(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1388    // Open a file or directory without following symlinks.
1389    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1390    opts.access_mode(c::FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY);
1391    // `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS` allows opening directories.
1392    // `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` opens a link instead of its target.
1393    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT);
1394    let file = File::open_native(path, &opts)?;
1395
1396    // Test if the file is not a directory or a symlink to a directory.
1397    if (file.basic_info()?.FileAttributes & c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0 {
1398        return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(c::ERROR_DIRECTORY as _));
1399    }
1400
1401    // Remove the directory and all its contents.
1402    remove_dir_all_iterative(file).io_result()
1403}
1404
1405pub fn readlink(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1406    // Open the link with no access mode, instead of generic read.
1407    // By default FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY is denied for the junction "C:\Documents and Settings", so
1408    // this is needed for a common case.
1409    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1410    opts.access_mode(0);
1411    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
1412    let file = File::open_native(&path, &opts)?;
1413    file.readlink()
1414}
1415
1416pub fn symlink(original: &Path, link: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
1417    symlink_inner(original, link, false)
1418}
1419
1420pub fn symlink_inner(original: &Path, link: &Path, dir: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
1421    let original = to_u16s(original)?;
1422    let link = maybe_verbatim(link)?;
1423    let flags = if dir { c::SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY } else { 0 };
1424    // Formerly, symlink creation required the SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege. For the Windows 10
1425    // Creators Update, Microsoft loosened this to allow unprivileged symlink creation if the
1426    // computer is in Developer Mode, but SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE must be
1427    // added to dwFlags to opt into this behavior.
1428    let result = cvt(unsafe {
1429        c::CreateSymbolicLinkW(
1430            link.as_ptr(),
1431            original.as_ptr(),
1432            flags | c::SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE,
1433        ) as c::BOOL
1434    });
1435    if let Err(err) = result {
1436        if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as i32) {
1437            // Older Windows objects to SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE,
1438            // so if we encounter ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, retry without that flag.
1439            cvt(unsafe {
1440                c::CreateSymbolicLinkW(link.as_ptr(), original.as_ptr(), flags) as c::BOOL
1441            })?;
1442        } else {
1443            return Err(err);
1444        }
1445    }
1446    Ok(())
1447}
1448
1449#[cfg(not(target_vendor = "uwp"))]
1450pub fn link(original: &WCStr, link: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1451    cvt(unsafe { c::CreateHardLinkW(link.as_ptr(), original.as_ptr(), ptr::null_mut()) })?;
1452    Ok(())
1453}
1454
1455#[cfg(target_vendor = "uwp")]
1456pub fn link(_original: &WCStr, _link: &WCStr) -> io::Result<()> {
1457    return Err(io::const_error!(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "hard link are not supported on UWP"));
1458}
1459
1460pub fn stat(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
1461    match metadata(path, ReparsePoint::Follow) {
1462        Err(err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_CANT_ACCESS_FILE as i32) => {
1463            if let Ok(attrs) = lstat(path) {
1464                if !attrs.file_type().is_symlink() {
1465                    return Ok(attrs);
1466                }
1467            }
1468            Err(err)
1469        }
1470        result => result,
1471    }
1472}
1473
1474pub fn lstat(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
1475    metadata(path, ReparsePoint::Open)
1476}
1477
1478#[repr(u32)]
1479#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
1480enum ReparsePoint {
1481    Follow = 0,
1482    Open = c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
1483}
1484impl ReparsePoint {
1485    fn as_flag(self) -> u32 {
1486        self as u32
1487    }
1488}
1489
1490fn metadata(path: &WCStr, reparse: ReparsePoint) -> io::Result<FileAttr> {
1491    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1492    // No read or write permissions are necessary
1493    opts.access_mode(0);
1494    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | reparse.as_flag());
1495
1496    // Attempt to open the file normally.
1497    // If that fails with `ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION` then retry using `FindFirstFileExW`.
1498    // If the fallback fails for any reason we return the original error.
1499    match File::open_native(&path, &opts) {
1500        Ok(file) => file.file_attr(),
1501        Err(e)
1502            if [Some(c::ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION as _), Some(c::ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED as _)]
1503                .contains(&e.raw_os_error()) =>
1504        {
1505            // `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED` is returned when the user doesn't have permission for the resource.
1506            // One such example is `System Volume Information` as default but can be created as well
1507            // `ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION` will almost never be returned.
1508            // Usually if a file is locked you can still read some metadata.
1509            // However, there are special system files, such as
1510            // `C:\hiberfil.sys`, that are locked in a way that denies even that.
1511            unsafe {
1512                // `FindFirstFileExW` accepts wildcard file names.
1513                // Fortunately wildcards are not valid file names and
1514                // `ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION` means the file exists (but is locked)
1515                // therefore it's safe to assume the file name given does not
1516                // include wildcards.
1517                let mut wfd: c::WIN32_FIND_DATAW = mem::zeroed();
1518                let handle = c::FindFirstFileExW(
1519                    path.as_ptr(),
1520                    c::FindExInfoBasic,
1521                    &mut wfd as *mut _ as _,
1522                    c::FindExSearchNameMatch,
1523                    ptr::null(),
1524                    0,
1525                );
1526
1527                if handle == c::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
1528                    // This can fail if the user does not have read access to the
1529                    // directory.
1530                    Err(e)
1531                } else {
1532                    // We no longer need the find handle.
1533                    c::FindClose(handle);
1534
1535                    // `FindFirstFileExW` reads the cached file information from the
1536                    // directory. The downside is that this metadata may be outdated.
1537                    let attrs = FileAttr::from(wfd);
1538                    if reparse == ReparsePoint::Follow && attrs.file_type().is_symlink() {
1539                        Err(e)
1540                    } else {
1541                        Ok(attrs)
1542                    }
1543                }
1544            }
1545        }
1546        Err(e) => Err(e),
1547    }
1548}
1549
1550pub fn set_perm(p: &WCStr, perm: FilePermissions) -> io::Result<()> {
1551    unsafe {
1552        cvt(c::SetFileAttributesW(p.as_ptr(), perm.attrs))?;
1553        Ok(())
1554    }
1555}
1556
1557pub fn set_times(p: &WCStr, times: FileTimes) -> io::Result<()> {
1558    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1559    opts.access_mode(c::FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
1560    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
1561    let file = File::open_native(p, &opts)?;
1562    file.set_times(times)
1563}
1564
1565pub fn set_times_nofollow(p: &WCStr, times: FileTimes) -> io::Result<()> {
1566    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1567    opts.access_mode(c::FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
1568    // `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` for no_follow behavior
1569    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT);
1570    let file = File::open_native(p, &opts)?;
1571    file.set_times(times)
1572}
1573
1574fn get_path(f: impl AsRawHandle) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1575    fill_utf16_buf(
1576        |buf, sz| unsafe {
1577            c::GetFinalPathNameByHandleW(f.as_raw_handle(), buf, sz, c::VOLUME_NAME_DOS)
1578        },
1579        |buf| PathBuf::from(OsString::from_wide(buf)),
1580    )
1581}
1582
1583pub fn canonicalize(p: &WCStr) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1584    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1585    // No read or write permissions are necessary
1586    opts.access_mode(0);
1587    // This flag is so we can open directories too
1588    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
1589    let f = File::open_native(p, &opts)?;
1590    get_path(f.handle)
1591}
1592
1593pub fn copy(from: &WCStr, to: &WCStr) -> io::Result<u64> {
1594    unsafe extern "system" fn callback(
1595        _TotalFileSize: i64,
1596        _TotalBytesTransferred: i64,
1597        _StreamSize: i64,
1598        StreamBytesTransferred: i64,
1599        dwStreamNumber: u32,
1600        _dwCallbackReason: u32,
1601        _hSourceFile: c::HANDLE,
1602        _hDestinationFile: c::HANDLE,
1603        lpData: *const c_void,
1604    ) -> u32 {
1605        unsafe {
1606            if dwStreamNumber == 1 {
1607                *(lpData as *mut i64) = StreamBytesTransferred;
1608            }
1609            c::PROGRESS_CONTINUE
1610        }
1611    }
1612    let mut size = 0i64;
1613    cvt(unsafe {
1614        c::CopyFileExW(
1615            from.as_ptr(),
1616            to.as_ptr(),
1617            Some(callback),
1618            (&raw mut size) as *mut _,
1619            ptr::null_mut(),
1620            0,
1621        )
1622    })?;
1623    Ok(size as u64)
1624}
1625
1626pub fn junction_point(original: &Path, link: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
1627    // Create and open a new directory in one go.
1628    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1629    opts.create_new(true);
1630    opts.write(true);
1631    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | c::FILE_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS);
1632    opts.attributes(c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
1633
1634    let d = File::open(link, &opts)?;
1635
1636    // We need to get an absolute, NT-style path.
1637    let path_bytes = original.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
1638    let abs_path: Vec<u16> = if path_bytes.starts_with(br"\\?\") || path_bytes.starts_with(br"\??\")
1639    {
1640        // It's already an absolute path, we just need to convert the prefix to `\??\`
1641        let bytes = unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(&path_bytes[4..]) };
1642        r"\??\".encode_utf16().chain(bytes.encode_wide()).collect()
1643    } else {
1644        // Get an absolute path and then convert the prefix to `\??\`
1645        let abs_path = crate::path::absolute(original)?.into_os_string().into_encoded_bytes();
1646        if abs_path.len() > 0 && abs_path[1..].starts_with(br":\") {
1647            let bytes = unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(&abs_path) };
1648            r"\??\".encode_utf16().chain(bytes.encode_wide()).collect()
1649        } else if abs_path.starts_with(br"\\.\") {
1650            let bytes = unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(&abs_path[4..]) };
1651            r"\??\".encode_utf16().chain(bytes.encode_wide()).collect()
1652        } else if abs_path.starts_with(br"\\") {
1653            let bytes = unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(&abs_path[2..]) };
1654            r"\??\UNC\".encode_utf16().chain(bytes.encode_wide()).collect()
1655        } else {
1656            return Err(io::const_error!(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "path is not valid"));
1657        }
1658    };
1659    // Defined inline so we don't have to mess about with variable length buffer.
1660    #[repr(C)]
1661    pub struct MountPointBuffer {
1662        ReparseTag: u32,
1663        ReparseDataLength: u16,
1664        Reserved: u16,
1665        SubstituteNameOffset: u16,
1666        SubstituteNameLength: u16,
1667        PrintNameOffset: u16,
1668        PrintNameLength: u16,
1669        PathBuffer: [MaybeUninit<u16>; c::MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE as usize],
1670    }
1671    let data_len = 12 + (abs_path.len() * 2);
1672    if data_len > u16::MAX as usize {
1673        return Err(io::const_error!(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "`original` path is too long"));
1674    }
1675    let data_len = data_len as u16;
1676    let mut header = MountPointBuffer {
1677        ReparseTag: c::IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT,
1678        ReparseDataLength: data_len,
1679        Reserved: 0,
1680        SubstituteNameOffset: 0,
1681        SubstituteNameLength: (abs_path.len() * 2) as u16,
1682        PrintNameOffset: ((abs_path.len() + 1) * 2) as u16,
1683        PrintNameLength: 0,
1684        PathBuffer: [MaybeUninit::uninit(); c::MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE as usize],
1685    };
1686    unsafe {
1687        let ptr = header.PathBuffer.as_mut_ptr();
1688        ptr.copy_from(abs_path.as_ptr().cast_uninit(), abs_path.len());
1689
1690        let mut ret = 0;
1691        cvt(c::DeviceIoControl(
1692            d.as_raw_handle(),
1693            c::FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT,
1694            (&raw const header).cast::<c_void>(),
1695            data_len as u32 + 8,
1696            ptr::null_mut(),
1697            0,
1698            &mut ret,
1699            ptr::null_mut(),
1700        ))
1701        .map(drop)
1702    }
1703}
1704
1705// Try to see if a file exists but, unlike `exists`, report I/O errors.
1706pub fn exists(path: &WCStr) -> io::Result<bool> {
1707    // Open the file to ensure any symlinks are followed to their target.
1708    let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
1709    // No read, write, etc access rights are needed.
1710    opts.access_mode(0);
1711    // Backup semantics enables opening directories as well as files.
1712    opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
1713    match File::open_native(path, &opts) {
1714        Err(e) => match e.kind() {
1715            // The file definitely does not exist
1716            io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(false),
1717
1718            // `ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION` means that the file has been locked by
1719            // another process. This is often temporary so we simply report it
1720            // as the file existing.
1721            _ if e.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION as i32) => Ok(true),
1722
1723            // `ERROR_CANT_ACCESS_FILE` means that a file exists but that the
1724            // reparse point could not be handled by `CreateFile`.
1725            // This can happen for special files such as:
1726            // * Unix domain sockets which you need to `connect` to
1727            // * App exec links which require using `CreateProcess`
1728            _ if e.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_CANT_ACCESS_FILE as i32) => Ok(true),
1729
1730            // Other errors such as `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED` may indicate that the
1731            // file exists. However, these types of errors are usually more
1732            // permanent so we report them here.
1733            _ => Err(e),
1734        },
1735        // The file was opened successfully therefore it must exist,
1736        Ok(_) => Ok(true),
1737    }
1738}
std\sys\fs/windows.rs

std\sys\fs/
windows.rs
