## Keyboard shortcuts

Press `←` or `→` to navigate between chapters

Press `S` or `/` to search in the book

Press `?` to show this help

Press `Esc` to hide this help

# Error code E0504

#### Note: this error code is no longer emitted by the compiler.

This error occurs when an attempt is made to move a borrowed variable into a closure.

Erroneous code example:

    struct FancyNum {
        num: u8,
    }

    fn main() {
        let fancy_num = FancyNum { num: 5 };
        let fancy_ref = &fancy_num;

        let x = move || {
            println!("child function: {}", fancy_num.num);
            // error: cannot move `fancy_num` into closure because it is borrowed
        };

        x();
        println!("main function: {}", fancy_ref.num);
    }

Here, `fancy_num` is borrowed by `fancy_ref` and so cannot be moved into the closure `x`. There is no way to move a value into a closure while it is borrowed, as that would invalidate the borrow.

If the closure can’t outlive the value being moved, try using a reference rather than moving:

    struct FancyNum {
        num: u8,
    }

    fn main() {
        let fancy_num = FancyNum { num: 5 };
        let fancy_ref = &fancy_num;

        let x = move || {
            // fancy_ref is usable here because it doesn't move `fancy_num`
            println!("child function: {}", fancy_ref.num);
        };

        x();

        println!("main function: {}", fancy_num.num);
    }

If the value has to be borrowed and then moved, try limiting the lifetime of the borrow using a scoped block:

    struct FancyNum {
        num: u8,
    }

    fn main() {
        let fancy_num = FancyNum { num: 5 };

        {
            let fancy_ref = &fancy_num;
            println!("main function: {}", fancy_ref.num);
            // `fancy_ref` goes out of scope here
        }

        let x = move || {
            // `fancy_num` can be moved now (no more references exist)
            println!("child function: {}", fancy_num.num);
        };

        x();
    }

If the lifetime of a reference isn’t enough, such as in the case of threading, consider using an `Arc` to create a reference-counted value:

    use std::sync::Arc;
    use std::thread;

    struct FancyNum {
        num: u8,
    }

    fn main() {
        let fancy_ref1 = Arc::new(FancyNum { num: 5 });
        let fancy_ref2 = fancy_ref1.clone();

        let x = thread::spawn(move || {
            // `fancy_ref1` can be moved and has a `'static` lifetime
            println!("child thread: {}", fancy_ref1.num);
        });

        x.join().expect("child thread should finish");
        println!("main thread: {}", fancy_ref2.num);
    }