<body><meta charset="utf-8"></body><pre>------------------------------------------------------------
             α=3.0 —— Instance_15_1.0_3_1 —— 15 nodes       
------------------------------------------------------------
ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           2.03                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                   ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.97                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                                                                                                                                                  <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           5.11                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                                                                                                                                                  <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.91                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                                                                                                                                                  <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.99                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                                                                                                                                                  <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           5.3                  gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
s_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
                                          <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           5.53                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
s_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
                                          <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.95                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.92                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.95                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           5.26                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           2.03                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
s_ij                 RingStarProblems.Options.Costs.Euclidian()
                                          <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           2.12                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           1.96                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>       ILP ——— 16 hubs —— 1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16
total time           2.06                 gap                  0.0                  
blossom time         0                    nb blossom           0.0                  
LB <= UB             1611.93<=1611.93     subtour              16.0                 
connectivity cuts    55.0                 uc strategy          4                    
uc tolerance         0.01                 tildeV               2:15                 
2-opt strategy       0                                                              
explored_nodes       253                  n lazycuts edges     0.0                  
F                    183.0                post procedure       true                 
o_i                  0                    r_ij                 Euclidian()
          s_ij                 Euclidian()
                                                    <details><summary>Found solution</summary>
RING NODES
1—5—10—13—8—6—9—4—11—3—2—7—15—14—12—16

RING
1  ---  5 | cost [45.0]
1  --- 16 | cost [0.0]
2  ---  3 | cost [69.0]
2  ---  7 | cost [66.0]
3  --- 11 | cost [72.0]
4  ---  9 | cost [54.0]
4  --- 11 | cost [171.0]
5  --- 10 | cost [33.0]
6  ---  8 | cost [141.0]
6  ---  9 | cost [72.0]
7  --- 15 | cost [84.0]
8  --- 13 | cost [84.0]
10 --- 13 | cost [84.0]
12 --- 14 | cost [39.0]
12 --- 16 | cost [18.0]
14 --- 15 | cost [42.0]

STAR

BACKUP RING
1  --- 10 | cost [0.66]
2  --- 11 | cost [1.26]
2  --- 15 | cost [1.35]
3  ---  4 | cost [1.71]
3  ---  7 | cost [0.6]
4  ---  6 | cost [1.23]
5  --- 13 | cost [0.81]
6  --- 13 | cost [1.47]
7  --- 14 | cost [1.02]
8  ---  9 | cost [1.29]
8  --- 10 | cost [1.08]
9  --- 11 | cost [1.56]
12 --- 15 | cost [0.66]
14 --- 16 | cost [0.39]

BACKUP STAR

B = 1.71
i★ = 3
j★ = 11
k★ = 4
</details>
</details>
</pre>