Mojo::Message(3)

NAME
Mojo::Message - HTTP message base class

SYNOPSIS
  package Mojo::Message::MyMessage;
  use Mojo::Base 'Mojo::Message';

  sub cookies              {...}
  sub extract_start_line   {...}
  sub get_start_line_chunk {...}
  sub start_line_size      {...}

DESCRIPTION
Mojo::Message is an abstract base class for HTTP message containers, based on RFC 7230 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230>, RFC 7231 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231> and RFC 2388 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388>, like Mojo::Message::Request and Mojo::Message::Response.

EVENTS
Mojo::Message inherits all events from Mojo::EventEmitter and can emit the following new ones.

  finish
  $msg->on(finish => sub ($msg) {...});

Emitted after message building or parsing is finished.

  my $before = time;
  $msg->on(finish => sub ($msg) { $msg->headers->header('X-Parser-Time' => time - $before) });

  progress
  $msg->on(progress => sub ($msg) {...});

Emitted when message building or parsing makes progress.

  # Building
  $msg->on(progress => sub ($msg, $state, $offset) { say qq{Building "$state" at offset $offset} });

  # Parsing
  $msg->on(progress => sub ($msg) {
    return unless my $len = $msg->headers->content_length;
    my $size = $msg->content->progress;
    say 'Progress: ', $size == $len ? 100 : int($size / ($len / 100)), '%';
  });

ATTRIBUTES
Mojo::Message implements the following attributes.

  content
  my $msg = $msg->content;
  $msg    = $msg->content(Mojo::Content::Single->new);

Message content, defaults to a Mojo::Content::Single object.

  default_charset
  my $charset = $msg->default_charset;
  $msg        = $msg->default_charset('UTF-8');

Default charset used by "text" and to extract data from "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or "multipart/form-data" message body, defaults to "UTF-8".

  max_line_size
  my $size = $msg->max_line_size;
  $msg     = $msg->max_line_size(1024);

Maximum start-line size in bytes, defaults to the value of the "MOJO_MAX_LINE_SIZE" environment variable or 8192 (8KiB).

  max_message_size
  my $size = $msg->max_message_size;
  $msg     = $msg->max_message_size(1024);

Maximum message size in bytes, defaults to the value of the "MOJO_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE" environment variable or 16777216 (16MiB). Setting the value to 0 will allow messages of indefinite size.

  version
  my $version = $msg->version;
  $msg        = $msg->version('1.1');

HTTP version of message, defaults to 1.1.

METHODS
Mojo::Message inherits all methods from Mojo::EventEmitter and implements the following new ones.

  body
  my $bytes = $msg->body;
  $msg      = $msg->body('Hello!');

Slurp or replace "content".

  body_params
  my $params = $msg->body_params;

"POST" parameters extracted from "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or "multipart/form-data" message body, usually a Mojo::Parameters object. Note that this method caches all data, so it should not be called before the entire message body has been received. Parts of the message body need to be loaded into memory to parse "POST" parameters, so you have to make sure it is not excessively large. There's a 16MiB limit for requests and a 2GiB limit for responses by default.

  # Get POST parameter names and values
  my $hash = $msg->body_params->to_hash;

  body_size
  my $size = $msg->body_size;

Content size in bytes.

  build_body
  my $bytes = $msg->build_body;

Render whole body with "get_body_chunk".

  build_headers
  my $bytes = $msg->build_headers;

Render all headers with "get_header_chunk".

  build_start_line
  my $bytes = $msg->build_start_line;

Render start-line with "get_start_line_chunk".

  cookie
  my $cookie = $msg->cookie('foo');

Access message cookies, usually Mojo::Cookie::Request or Mojo::Cookie::Response objects. If there are multiple cookies sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just the last one, you can use "every_cookie". Note that this method caches all data, so it should not be called before all headers have been received.

  # Get cookie value
  say $msg->cookie('foo')->value;

  cookies
  my $cookies = $msg->cookies;

Access message cookies. Meant to be overloaded in a subclass.

  dom
  my $dom        = $msg->dom;
  my $collection = $msg->dom('a[href]');

Retrieve message body from "text" and turn it into a Mojo::DOM object, an optional selector can be used to call the method "find" in Mojo::DOM on it right away, which then returns a Mojo::Collection object. Note that this method caches all data, so it should not be called before the entire message body has been received. The whole message body needs to be loaded into memory to parse it, so you have to make sure it is not excessively large. There's a 16MiB limit for requests and a 2GiB limit for responses by default.

  # Perform "find" right away
  say $msg->dom('h1, h2, h3')->map('text')->join("\n");

  # Use everything else Mojo::DOM has to offer
  say $msg->dom->at('title')->text;
  say $msg->dom->at('body')->children->map('tag')->uniq->join("\n");

  error
  my $err = $msg->error;
  $msg    = $msg->error({message => 'Parser error'});

Get or set message error, an "undef" return value indicates that there is no error.

  # Connection or parser error
  $msg->error({message => 'Connection refused'});

  # 4xx/5xx response
  $msg->error({message => 'Internal Server Error', code => 500});

  every_cookie
  my $cookies = $msg->every_cookie('foo');

Similar to "cookie", but returns all message cookies sharing the same name as an array reference.

  # Get first cookie value
  say $msg->every_cookie('foo')->[0]->value;

  every_upload
  my $uploads = $msg->every_upload('foo');

Similar to "upload", but returns all file uploads sharing the same name as an array reference.

  # Get content of first uploaded file
  say $msg->every_upload('foo')->[0]->asset->slurp;

  extract_start_line
  my $bool = $msg->extract_start_line(\$str);

Extract start-line from string. Meant to be overloaded in a subclass.

  finish
  $msg = $msg->finish;

Finish message parser/generator.

  fix_headers
  $msg = $msg->fix_headers;

Make sure message has all required headers.

  get_body_chunk
  my $bytes = $msg->get_body_chunk($offset);

Get a chunk of body data starting from a specific position. Note that it might not be possible to get the same chunk twice if content was generated dynamically.

  get_header_chunk
  my $bytes = $msg->get_header_chunk($offset);

Get a chunk of header data, starting from a specific position. Note that this method finalizes the message.

  get_start_line_chunk
  my $bytes = $msg->get_start_line_chunk($offset);

Get a chunk of start-line data starting from a specific position. Meant to be overloaded in a subclass.

  header_size
  my $size = $msg->header_size;

Size of headers in bytes. Note that this method finalizes the message.

  headers
  my $headers = $msg->headers;

Message headers, usually a Mojo::Headers object.

  # Longer version
  my $headers = $msg->content->headers;

  is_finished
  my $bool = $msg->is_finished;

Check if message parser/generator is finished.

  is_limit_exceeded
  my $bool = $msg->is_limit_exceeded;

Check if message has exceeded "max_line_size", "max_message_size", "max_buffer_size" in Mojo::Content or "max_line_size" in Mojo::Headers.

  json
  my $value = $msg->json;
  my $value = $msg->json('/foo/bar');

Decode JSON message body directly using Mojo::JSON if possible, an "undef" return value indicates a bare "null" or that decoding failed. An optional JSON Pointer can be used to extract a specific value with Mojo::JSON::Pointer. Note that this method caches all data, so it should not be called before the entire message body has been received. The whole message body needs to be loaded into memory to parse it, so you have to make sure it is not excessively large. There's a 16MiB limit for requests and a 2GiB limit for responses by default.

  # Extract JSON values
  say $msg->json->{foo}{bar}[23];
  say $msg->json('/foo/bar/23');

  parse
  $msg = $msg->parse('HTTP/1.1 200 OK...');

Parse message chunk.

  save_to
  $msg = $msg->save_to('/some/path/index.html');

Save message body to a file.

  start_line_size
  my $size = $msg->start_line_size;

Size of the start-line in bytes. Meant to be overloaded in a subclass.

  text
  my $str = $msg->text;

Retrieve "body" and try to decode it with "charset" in Mojo::Content or "default_charset".

  to_string
  my $str = $msg->to_string;

Render whole message. Note that this method finalizes the message, and that it might not be possible to render the same message twice if content was generated dynamically.

  upload
  my $upload = $msg->upload('foo');

Access "multipart/form-data" file uploads, usually Mojo::Upload objects. If there are multiple uploads sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just the last one, you can use "every_upload". Note that this method caches all data, so it should not be called before the entire message body has been received.

  # Get content of uploaded file
  say $msg->upload('foo')->asset->slurp;

  uploads
  my $uploads = $msg->uploads;

All "multipart/form-data" file uploads, usually Mojo::Upload objects.

  # Names of all uploads
  say $_->name for @{$msg->uploads};

SEE ALSO
Mojolicious, Mojolicious::Guides, <https://mojolicious.org>.