# Planning

Analysis of MIDFIELD data begins by identifying the groups of students, programs, and metrics with which we intend to work.

## Workflow

Working with MIDFIELD data is iterative—intermediate results often cause us to revisit an earlier assumption or select a different bloc or student attributes to work with. Nevertheless, a completed analysis usually comprises the following steps in roughly the sequence given below. Accented entries indicate topics in the open article.

1. Planning
   - Records
   - Programs
   - Metrics, blocs, and groupings
2. Initial processing
   - Data sufficiency
   - Degree seeking
   - Identify programs
3. Blocs
   - Ever-enrolled
   - FYE proxies
   - Starters
   - Graduates
4. Groupings
   - Program labels
   - Demographics
   - Other variables
5. Metrics
   - Graduation rate
   - Stickiness
6. Displays
   - Multiway charts
   - Tables

## Definitions

student-level data

  Data at the “student-level” refers to information about individual students including, for example, demographics, programs, academic standing, courses, grades, and degrees. Also called Student Unit Records (SURs). In MIDFIELD, student-level data are compiled by an institution and anonymized and curated by the MIDFIELD data steward.

program

  US academic field of study. Can be used to indicate a specialty within a field or a collection of fields within a Department, College, or University. Programs are denoted by the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), a taxonomy of academic programs curated by the US Department of Education (NCES 2010).

metric

  A quantitative measure derived from student-level data. Includes statistical measures such as counts of program starters or graduates as well as comparative ratios such as graduation rate or stickiness. Typically involves comparisons of specific blocs of students and programs.

bloc

  A grouping of student-level data dealt with as a unit, for example, starters, students ever-enrolled, graduates, transfer students, traditional and non-traditional students, migrators, etc.

grouping variables

  Detailed information in the student-level data that further characterize a bloc of records, typically used to create bloc subsets for comparison, for example, program, race/ethnicity, sex, age, grade level, grades, etc.

## Which records?

There are currently two points of access to MIDFIELD data:

MIDFIELD. A database of anonymized student-level records for approximately 2.4M undergraduates at 21 US institutions from 1987-2022. Access to this database requires a confidentiality agreement and Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval for human subjects research.

midfielddata. An R data package that supplies anonymized student-level records for 98,000 undergraduates at three US institutions from 1988-2018. A sample of the MIDFIELD database, midfielddata provides practice data for the tools and methods in the midfieldr package.

To load research data. For users with access to the MIDFIELD database, data are imported using any “read” function, e.g.,

    # Not run
    student <- fread("local_path_to_student_research_data")
    course <- fread("local_path_to_course_research_data")
    term <- fread("local_path_to_term_research_data")
    degree <- fread("local_path_to_degree_research_data")

To load practice data. Load from the midfielddata package.

    # Load practice data
    library(midfielddata)
    data(student, course, term, degree)

The variables in the practice data are a subset of those in the research data. A researcher transitioning from working with the practice data to the research data should find that their scripts need little (if any) modification.

Reminder. midfielddata datasets are for practice, not research.

## Which programs?

Identify programs in general terms, for example,

- All Engineering
- Engineering, Business, Social Sciences, and Arts and Humanities
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering

Search the `cip` data set included with midfieldr to identify the 6-digit CIP codes relevant to a study.

Note. Most of our examples involve engineering programs. However, MIDFIELD research data contain student-level records of all undergraduates in all programs at their institution over the time spans given.

## Which metrics, blocs, and groupings?

Before the data processing starts, we have to decide the metrics we want to compare among which blocs of students grouped by what variables. Metrics can include bloc counts or comparative ratios, for example:

- Blocs, e.g., counts of starters, graduates, migrators, etc.
- Four-year persistence
- Six-year graduation rate
- Six-year stickiness

The metric determines the blocs to gather, for example:

- Graduation rate requires a bloc of starters and the subset who graduate in their starting program.
- Stickiness requires the bloc of ever enrolled in a program and the subset who graduate in that program.

The research study design determines the grouping variables, for example,

- Completion status is a critical variable whenever graduation (program completion) is involved.
- Programs, race/ethnicity, and sex are important grouping variables in many studies.
- Other student-level variables such as institution, GPA, grade level, etc., can also be used for grouping and summarizing.

## References

NCES. 2010. “IPEDS Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP).” National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/.